THE FAILURE OF COSMOPOLITANISM: THE LAICITE RULES AS A CRISIS OF FRENCH MUSLIMS
Abstract
This paper discusses the increasingly visible failure of cosmopolitanism in France. Laïcité rules are considered as a form of cosmopolitanism that determines between religion and the State, but currently, laïcité are considered as a "tool" to regulate individuals to regulate themselves with certain political, social, and cultural values adjusted by the State. Islam is the second-largest religion after Christians in France, and this makes Islam a debated subject in France. For several ages, the Government issued a policy to restrain Muslim freedom especially women for use hijab, and recently Government ban the use of the niqab in public spaces. In 2020, President Emmanuel Macron issued a plan to stop for the existence of imams and teachers from 9 Islamic countries to prevent separatism and avoid those who disagree with French values.
Keywords : Cosmopolitanism, Laïcité, Headscarf Affair Policy, Islam.
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References
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Heider, Jennifer. 2012. Unveiling the Truth Behind the French Burqa Ban: The Unwarranted Restriction of the Right to Freedom of Religion and the European Court of Human Rights. Indiana International & Comparative Law Review, 22 (1), 93-129.
Idriss, Mohammad Mazer. 2005. Laïcité and the banning of the “hijab†in France. Legal Studies, 25(02), 260–295.
Khan, Mohammad Moiz. 2012. Islam in Secular France. Journal of European Studies, 28 (1), 190-207.
McMurran, Mary Helen. 2013. The New Cosmopolitanism and the Eighteenth Century. Eigteenth Century Studies, 47 (1), 19-38.
Neuman, Justin. 2011. Religious Cosmopolitanism?: Orhan Pamuk, the Headscarf Debate, and the Problem with Pluralism. The Minnesota Review, No. 77 143–161.
Robbins, Bruce. 2007. Cosmopolitanism: New and Newer. Boundary 2, 34(3), 47–60.
Scott, Joan W. 2005. The Banning of Islamic Head Scarves in French Public Schools. French Politics, Culture & Society, 23 (3), 106-127.
Wing, Adrien K, dan Monica Nigh Smith. 2005. Critical Race Feminism Lifts the Veil? Muslim Women, France, and the Headscarf Ban. UC Davis Law Review, 39 (743), 745-757.
Benhabib, Seyla. 2004. The Rights of Others: Aliens, Residents, and Citizens. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bruce, Steve. 2011. Secularization: In Defence of an Unfashionable Theory. USA: Oxford Unversity Press.
Davidson, Naomi. 2012. Only Muslim: The Embodying Islam in Twentieth-Century France. USA: Cornell University Press.
Harrison, Lisa dan Theresa Callan. 2013. Key Research Concepts In Politics and International Relations. London: SAGE.
Ivanescu, Carolina. 2016. Islam and Secular Citizenship in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and France. UK: Palgrave Macmilan.
Parvez, Z. Fareen. 2017. Politicizing Islam The Islamic Revival in France and India. USA: Oxford University Press.
Shelby, Jennifer A. 2012. Questioning French Secularism Gender Politics and Islam in a Parisian Suburb. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Taylor, Charles. 2007. A Secular Age. USA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Ulber, Silalahi. 2012. Metode Penelitian Sosial. Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama.
Vince, Natalya. 2010. France, Islam and Laicite: Colonial Exceptions, Contemporary Reinventions and European Convergence in Chafer, Tony dan Emmanuel Godin. The End of the French Exception ?. New York: Palgrave Macmilan.
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Piser, Karina. 2018. French Secularism Is in Crisis. What Does That Mean for Muslim Youth? [online] in https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/french-secularism-is-in-crisis-what-does-that-mean-for-muslim-youth/ [diakses pada 27 April 2020].
Published
2021-06-20
How to Cite
Sholihin, F. (2021, June 20). THE FAILURE OF COSMOPOLITANISM: THE LAICITE RULES AS A CRISIS OF FRENCH MUSLIMS. Hunafa: Jurnal Studia Islamika, 18(1), 138-157. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.Vol18.Iss1.621
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
