TIPOLOGI FATWA DI ERA MODERN: DARI OFFLINE KE ONLINE
Abstract
This paper deals with the typology of fatwÄ (Islamic legal opinion) in a contemporary era. It is assumed that change of paradigm will give an impact to changes in knowledge and its media of transmission. This also applies to fatwÄ. Due to this change of paradigm, fatwÄ has also undergone changes either in content or media of transmission. In this globalization era, which is characterized with the advance of information technology, fatwÄ can be divided into such categories as state, personal, individual, collective, and online fatwÄs. These fatwa models have their own unique characteristics in terms of ideologies, interests and scope of transmission.Downloads
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References
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Quá¹b Muá¹£á¹afÄ SÄnÅ«, Mu‘jam Muá¹£á¹alaḥÄt Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 2000.
á¹¢ubḥī MujÄhid, “Al-Azhar YarfuḠ‘al-MuftÄ« al-IliktrÅ«nī’†dalam http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=ArticleA_C&cid=1199279506315&pagename=Zone-Arabic-Shariah%2FSRALayout (7 Mei 2010).
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Sa’īd Ramaá¸Än al-BÅ«á¹Ä«, Fiqh al-SÄ«rah: DirÄsah Manhajiyyah ‘Ilmiyyah li SÄ«rah al-Muá¹£á¹afÄ â€˜alaih al-SalÄm wa MÄ Taná¹awÄ« ‘alaih min IẓÄt wa MabÄdi’ wa AḥkÄm, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 1990.
Syaikh al-NiẓÄm, al-FatÄwÄ al-Hindiyyah, Jilid 3, Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000.
Syamsul Anwar, “FatwÄ, Purification and Dynamization: A Study of TarjÄ«h} in Muhammadiyah†dalam Islamic Law and Society, vol. 12, no. 1 (2005), pp. 27-44.
Wahbah al-ZuhailÄ«, Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-IslÄmÄ«, Jilid 2, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 1986.
Wael B. Hallaq, “From FatwÄs to Furū’: Growth and Change in Islamic Substantive Law†dalam Islamic Law and Society. vol. 1, no. 1 (1994), pp. 29-65.
YÅ«suf al-Qaraá¸ÄwÄ«, al-FatwÄ Bain al-Iná¸ibÄá¹ wa al-Tasayyub, Kairo: DÄr á¹¢aḥwah li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzī‘, 1988.
Abdullah Saeed, “Trends in Contemporary Islam: A Preliminary Attempt at a Classification†dalam The Muslim World,vol. 97, no. 3 (July 2007), pp. 395-404.
Abdullah Saeed, Islamic Thought: An Introduction, London & New York: Routledge, 2006.
AbÅ« ‘Abd al-ḤakÄ«m al-NÄ«sÄbÅ«rÄ«, al-Mustadrak ‘alÄ al-á¹¢aḥīḥain, Jilid 2. Kairo: DÄr al-Ḥaramain, 1997.
AbÅ« ‘Abd al-RaḥmÄn Aḥmad ibn Syu’aib ibn ‘AlÄ« al-NasÄ’ī, Sunan al-NasÄ’ī. RiyÄá¸: Maktabah al-Ma’Ärif, t.th.
AbÅ« ZakariyÄ YaḥyÄ ibn Syaraf al-NawawÄ«. AdÄb al-FatwÄ wa al-MuftÄ« wa al-MustaftÄ«. Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 1988.
Ahmad Hasan, Soal Jawab: Tentang Masalah Agama, Jilid. 3. Bandung: CV Diponegoro, 1983.
Alexandre Caeiro, “The Shifting Moral Universes of the Islamic Tradition of IftÄ’: A Diachronic Study of Four Adab al-FatwÄ Manuals†dalam The Muslim World, vol. 96, no. 4 (October 2006), pp. 661-685.
Basheer M. Nafi, “FatwÄ and War: On the Allegiance of the American Muslim Soldiers in the Aftermath of September 11†dalam Islamic Law and Society, vol. 11, no. 1 (2004), pp. 78-116.
Charles Kurzman (ed), Liberal Islam: A Source Book, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
David Resnik, “Politics on the Internet: The Normalization of Cyberspace†dalam Chris Toulouse dan Timothy W. Luke (Eds.), The Politics of Cyberspace: A New Political Science Reader, New York: Routledge, 1998.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, I‘lÄm al-Muwaqqi‘īn ‘an Rabb al-‘ĀlamÄ«n, TaḥqÄ«q: AbÅ« ‘Ubaidah MasyhÅ«r ibn Ḥasan Al-SulaimÄn, Jilid 1. RiyÄá¸: DÄr Ibn al-JawzÄ«, 1423 H.
Jacob Skovgaard-Petersen, Defining Islam for the Egyptian State: Muftis and Fatwas of the Dar al-Ifta, Leiden: Brill, 1997.
Jakob Skovgaard-Petersen, “A Typology of State Muftis†dalam Iyvonne Y. Haddad dan Barbara F. Stowasser (eds.), Islamic Law and the Challenge of Modernity, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Jennifer L. Hochschild, “How Ideas Affect Actions†dalam Robert E. Goodin dan Charles Tilly (eds.), The Oxford Hanbook of Contextual Political Analysis, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.
Jon Anderson, “New Media, New Publics: Reconfiguring the Public Sphere of Islam†dalam Social Research, vol. 70, no. 3, (Fall 2003), pp. 887-906.
Khaled Abou El Fadl, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists, San Fransisco: Harper Collins, 2005.
Khoiruddin Nasution, “Maslahah and Its Application in Indonesian Fatwa†dalam Studia Islamika, vol. 3, no. 4 (1996), pp. 113-136.
Knut S. Vikør, Between God and the Sultan: A History of Islamic Law, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
M. Atho Mudzhar, Fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Ulama: A Study of Islamic Legal Thought in Indonesia 1975-1988, Jakarta: INIS, 1993.
Majelis Ulama Indonesia, “Tentang Dewan Syariah Nasional,†dalam http://www.mui.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=55:tentang-dewan-syariah-nasional&catid=39:dewan-syariah-nasional&Itemid=58 (19 Mei 2010).
Max Weber, Economy and Society, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Moch. Nur Ichwan, “UlamÄ’, State and Politics: Majelis Ulama Indonesia After Soeharto†dalam Islamic Law and Society, vol. 12, no. 1 (2005), pp. 45-72.
Muḥammad ‘Abd al-RaḥmÄn ‘Abd al-Mun‘im, Mu‘jam al-Muá¹£á¹alaḥÄt wa al-AlfÄẓ al-Fiqhiyyah, Juz 3, Kairo: DÄr al-FÄá¸ilah, t.th.
Muḥammad Fu’Äd ‘Abd al-BÄqÄ«, al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li AlfÄẓ al-Qur’Än al-KarÄ«m, Kairo: DÄr al-Kutub al-Miá¹£riyyah, 1364 H.
Muḥammad ibn ‘AlÄ« al-SyaukÄnÄ«, IrsyÄd al-Fuḥūl ilÄ TaḥqÄ«q al-Ḥaqq min ‘Ilm al-Uṣūl, TaḥqÄ«q: AbÅ« Ḥafá¹£ SÄmÄ« ibn al-‘ArabÄ« al-Ash‘arÄ«, Jilid 2, RiyÄá¸: DÄr al-Faá¸Ä«lah, 2000.
Nadirsyah Hosen, “Nahdlatul Ulama and Collective Ijtihad†dalam New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 6, no. 1 (June 2004), pp. 5-26.
Quá¹b Muá¹£á¹afÄ SÄnÅ«, Mu‘jam Muá¹£á¹alaḥÄt Uṣūl al-Fiqh, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 2000.
á¹¢ubḥī MujÄhid, “Al-Azhar YarfuḠ‘al-MuftÄ« al-IliktrÅ«nī’†dalam http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=ArticleA_C&cid=1199279506315&pagename=Zone-Arabic-Shariah%2FSRALayout (7 Mei 2010).
Sa‘dÄ« AbÅ« Jaib, al-QÄmÅ«s al-FiqhÄ«, Pakistan: IdÄrah al-Qur’Än wa al-‘UlÅ«m al-IslÄmiyyah, t.th.
Sa’īd Ramaá¸Än al-BÅ«á¹Ä«, Fiqh al-SÄ«rah: DirÄsah Manhajiyyah ‘Ilmiyyah li SÄ«rah al-Muá¹£á¹afÄ â€˜alaih al-SalÄm wa MÄ Taná¹awÄ« ‘alaih min IẓÄt wa MabÄdi’ wa AḥkÄm, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 1990.
Syaikh al-NiẓÄm, al-FatÄwÄ al-Hindiyyah, Jilid 3, Beirut: DÄr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000.
Syamsul Anwar, “FatwÄ, Purification and Dynamization: A Study of TarjÄ«h} in Muhammadiyah†dalam Islamic Law and Society, vol. 12, no. 1 (2005), pp. 27-44.
Wahbah al-ZuhailÄ«, Uṣūl al-Fiqh al-IslÄmÄ«, Jilid 2, Damaskus: DÄr al-Fikr, 1986.
Wael B. Hallaq, “From FatwÄs to Furū’: Growth and Change in Islamic Substantive Law†dalam Islamic Law and Society. vol. 1, no. 1 (1994), pp. 29-65.
YÅ«suf al-Qaraá¸ÄwÄ«, al-FatwÄ Bain al-Iná¸ibÄá¹ wa al-Tasayyub, Kairo: DÄr á¹¢aḥwah li al-Nasyr wa al-Tawzī‘, 1988.
Published
2011-12-16
How to Cite
Rusli, R. (2011, December 16). TIPOLOGI FATWA DI ERA MODERN: DARI OFFLINE KE ONLINE. Hunafa: Jurnal Studia Islamika, 8(2), 269-306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24239/jsi.Vol8.Iss2.365
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Articles
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